Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) was introduced to mitigate the inept management of the traditional irrigation bureaucracy. It was hypothesized that these reforms would have a positive impact on the crop productivity and enhance the conveyance efficiency of the system. The present study tries to compare the PIM and Non-PIM irrigation schemes—Pakistan, under almost same cropping systems of Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan—link it to farm sizes, traditional ecological knowledge, irrigation management practices, institutional arrangements, and governance structures. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods used for studying different aspects of irrigation management system. This study helps to explore the multidimensional facets of water governance and their interconnectedness. It is helpful to enrich the more participatory, equitable and economical water legislation in the irrigation system, and as a result higher land and water productivity can be attained.